Taxi Talks

Taxi Baby

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Taxi Talks are language lessons designed to help a speaker of any language learn any other language.

Children learn their native languages in an orderly way by first making random sounds, then imitating their mothers sounds, then imitating their mothers duplicated sounds, then attaching meaning to these duplicated sounds, then learning word pairs, then perhaps some two part words and only then speaking in simple two word sentencesand then multiword sentences. This language lesson, Taxi Baby, is an experiment in adult learning based on the way a child learns a language.

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First you must learn a number of the basic foreign words of the target language. The following are the first words that children learn in English and will probably be useful in most other languages. Infants first learn repeated syllables. Repeating is the way we emphasize the intended verbal parts from the background noise. Thus the word ma becomes repeated and becomes mama and that becomes the childish form of an accepted word. Then in English we tend to append the sound eee to set them appart. such as doggieee for dog and kitteee for cat. Mama . . . .
Papa . . . .
Baby . . . .
The primary source of the following list: http://aac.unl.edu/VLN1.html

Infant/Toddler Conver/Aug

a . . . .
all . . . .
baby . . . .
bird . . . .
boat . . . .
book . . . .
car . . . .
dirty . . . .
do . . . .
dog . . . .
does . . . .
don't . . . .
down . . . .
food . . . .
get . . . .
go . . . .
going . . . .
gone . . . .
good . . . .
hat . . . .
he . . . .
hot . . . .
I . . . .
in . . . .
into . . . .
it . . . .
juice . . . .
light . . . .
little . . . .
more . . . .
my . . . .
myself . . . .
night . . . .
no . . . .
nose . . . .
off . . . .
oh . . . .
on . . . .
other . . . .
pretty . . . .
read . . . .
see . . . .
there . . . .
up . . . .
want . . . .
right . . . .
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That is a list of words that three year olds find useful. Now lets make them into word pairs, which is the next normal stage of language development. a baby . . . .
a bird . . . .
a book . . . .
a boat . . . .
a car . . . .
a hat . . . .
a juice . . . .
a nose . . . .
good baby . . . .
good bird . . . .
good book . . . .
good boat . . . .
good car . . . .
good dog . . . .
good hat . . . .
good nose . . . .
I want . . . .
I see . . . .
I hot . . . .
I little . . . .
I hot . . . .
I baby . . . .
I good . . . .
I go . . . .
all gone . . . .
all dirty . . . .
all right . . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
Practice making word pairs with as many of the words as will work together. Make it into a fun, if somewhat childish, game. Those are all useful words, so learn them well.

Elementary Conver-Aug

Here is a longer list which is made up of words that a four old should know. When you learn them, learn them as word pairs by blending them with words from the above list and from words on this more advanced list. At first it is easier to clip off a word, when speaking, and replace it with another word than it is to recall each word out of a vacume. Following are about 414 words, which should be enough to say most anything you need to, but remember this isn't really speaking because that requires grammer. It does give you a basis upon which to found your grammer for the language when you are exposed to it. a . . . .
about . . . .
afraid . . . .
after . . . .
afternoon . . . .
again . . . .
all . . . .
allgone . . . .
always . . . .
am . . . .
an . . . .
and . . . .
animal . . . .
another . . . .
any . . . .
are . . . .
around . . . .
at . . . .
away . . . .
baa-baa . . . .
baby . . . .
back . . . .
bad . . . .
bag . . . .
ball . . . .
balloon . . . .
banana . . . .
bath . . . .
bathtub . . . .
be . . . .
beautiful . . . .
because . . . .
bed . . . .
before . . . .
behind . . . .
believe . . . .
best . . . .
better . . . .
big . . . .
bird . . . .
birthday . . . .
bit . . . .
back . . . .
blue . . . .
boat . . . .
book . . . .
both . . . .
bottle . . . .
box . . . .
boy . . . .
bread . . . .
break . . . .
bring . . . .
broken . . . .
brother . . . .
brown . . . .
building . . . .
bus . . . .
but . . . .
buy . . . .
by . . . .
byebye . . . .
call . . . .
came . . . .
can . . . .
car . . . .
card . . . .
carry . . . .
cat . . . .
chair . . . .
change . . . .
Christmas . . . .
clean . . . .
close . . . .
coffee . . . .
cold . . . .
color . . . .
comb . . . .
come . . . .
cookie . . . .
could . . . .
cracker . . . .
crazy . . . .
cry . . . .
cut . . . .
dad . . . .
daddy . . . .
dance . . . .
day . . . .
dead . . . .
diaper . . . .
did . . . .
didn't . . . .
different . . . .
dinner . . . .
dirty . . . .
do . . . .
does . . . .
doesn't . . . .
dog . . . .
don't . . . .
done . . . .
door . . . .
down . . . .
draw . . . .
drink . . . .
drive . . . .
dry . . . .
eat . . . .
eight . . . .
enough . . . .
every . . . .
everything . . . .
eye . . . .
face . . . .
fall . . . .
far . . . .
fast . . . .
father . . . .
feel . . . .
feet . . . .
fell . . . .
find . . . .
fine . . . .
finish . . . .
fire . . . .
first . . . .
five . . . .
fix . . . .
floor . . . .
flood . . . .
foot . . . .
for . . . .
forget . . . .
fork . . . .
found . . . .
four . . . .
free . . . .
friend . . . .
from . . . .
fruit . . . .
full . . . .
funny . . . .
game . . . .
get . . . .
girl . . . .
give . . . .
glass . . . .
glasses . . . .
go . . . .
going . . . .
gone . . . .
good . . . .
grandma . . . .
grandpa . . . .
green . . . .
had . . . .
hair . . . .
hand . . . .
happy . . . .
hard . . . .
has . . . .
hat . . . .
have . . . .
he . . . .
head . . . .
hello . . . .
help . . . .
her . . . .
here . . . .
hi . . . .
high . . . .
him . . . .
his . . . .
hit . . . .
hold . . . .
home . . . .
hospital . . . .
hot . . . .
house . . . .
how . . . .
hug . . . .
hurt . . . .
I . . . .
ice . . . .
idea . . . .
if . . . .
in . . . .
inside . . . .
into . . . .
is . . . .
isn't . . . .
it . . . .
juice . . . .
just . . . .
keys . . . .
kind . . . .
kiss . . . .
kitty . . . .
know . . . .
last . . . .
later . . . .
lay . . . .
left . . . .
light . . . .
like . . . .
line . . . .
listen . . . .
little . . . .
long . . . .
look . . . .
lost . . . .
lot . . . .
lunch . . . .
mad . . . .
made . . . .
make . . . .
man . . . .
many . . . .
may . . . .
me . . . .
mean . . . .
meow . . . .
might . . . .
milk . . . .
mine . . . .
mom . . . .
mommy . . . .
Monday . . . .
money . . . .
month . . . .
more . . . .
morning . . . .
mother . . . .
mouth . . . .
move . . . .
much . . . .
music . . . .
my . . . .
myself . . . .
name . . . .
need . . . .
never . . . .
new . . . .
next . . . .
nice . . . .
night . . . .
nightnight . . . .
nine . . . .
no . . . .
nose . . . .
not . . . .
nothing . . . .
now . . . .
nurse . . . .
of . . . .
off . . . .
oh . . . .
ok . . . .
old . . . .
on . . . .
once . . . .
one . . . .
only . . . .
open . . . .
or . . . .
other . . . .
our . . . .
out . . . .
outside . . . .
over . . . .
own . . . .
paper . . . .
part . . . .
party . . . .
pass . . . .
pattycake . . . .
peekaboo . . . .
people . . . .
phone . . . .
pick . . . .
picture . . . .
pink . . . .
place . . . .
play . . . .
please . . . .
present . . . .
pretty . . . .
pull . . . .
push . . . .
put . . . .
quiet . . . .
radio . . . .
rain . . . .
read . . . .
ready . . . .
real . . . .
red . . . .
remember . . . .
rest . . . .
right . . . .
run . . . .
said . . . .
same . . . .
sat . . . .
saw . . . .
say . . . .
school . . . .
see . . . .
she . . . .
shoe . . . .
short . . . .
should . . . .
shoes . . . .
show . . . .
side . . . .
silly . . . .
sister . . . .
sit . . . .
six . . . .
sleep . . . .
snow . . . .
so . . . .
soft . . . .
some . . . .
something . . . .
soon . . . .
sorry . . . .
spoon . . . .
stand . . . .
stay . . . .
still . . . .
stop . . . .
store . . . .
street . . . .
summer . . . .
sun . . . .
table . . . .
take . . . .
talk . . . .
tall . . . .
tape . . . .
teach . . . .
telephone . . . .
television . . . .
tell . . . .
ten . . . .
thank . . . .
that . . . .
the . . . .
their . . . .
them . . . .
then . . . .
there . . . .
these . . . .
they . . . .
thing . . . .
think . . . .
this . . . .
those . . . .
thought . . . .
three . . . .
through . . . .
time . . . .
to . . . .
today . . . .
told . . . .
tomorrow . . . .
too . . . .
took . . . .
train . . . .
try . . . .
Tuesday . . . .
turn . . . .
two . . . .
uh-oh . . . .
under . . . .
up . . . .
us . . . .
use . . . .
very . . . .
wait . . . .
walk . . . .
want . . . .
was . . . .
wash . . . .
watch . . . .
water . . . .
way . . . .
we . . . .
Wednesday . . . .
week . . . .
well . . . .
went . . . .
were . . . .
what . . . .
when . . . .
where . . . .
which . . . .
white . . . .
who . . . .
whole . . . .
why . . . .
will . . . .
wind . . . .
with . . . .
woman . . . .
woof . . . .
work . . . .
working . . . .
would . . . .
write . . . .
wrong . . . .
yellow . . . .
yes . . . .
yesterday . . . .
you . . . .
your . . . .
yum-yum . . . .
http://216.239.53.100/search?q=cache:P6UluyqS840J:www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/webspace/users/ahamilton/cdi_paper.pdf+speech+learning+%22infant+vocabulary%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 bugspiderpushchairstrollerbrickblockbiscuitcookiecandysweetscheerioscornflakesdiapernappyjumpersweaterpantstrouserstummy buttonbelly buttonsetteesofacotcribcookerstoveglassesspecshoovervacuumrubbishtrashrock -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 16 , MacArthurInfant CDI Oxfordpre ' OxfordAOxfordBOxfordstoneshovelspadeshopstorenastyyuckybunnyrabbitkitty\kittenfiretruck\fire enginemotorkbikemotorcycle­ The section on animal sounds was omitted from every CDI except theMacArthur CDI and the Oxford CDI. It contains the words ­ baa baa,choo choo, cockadoodledoo, grr, meow, moo, ouch, quack, uh oh, vroom,woof and yum.verbs were added to the section Action words' in the Oxford CDI,but were not present in any other CDI. They are ­ call, carry, catch, cuddle,cut, drop, find, have, hear, know, like, make, scratch, shut and tell.­ MacArthurInfant CDI Oxfordpre ' OxfordAOxfordBOxfordagainbabysitterbabysitter's namebackyardbeadsbinboatbucketcapchild's own namechipscrackercutedoctordummyfriendgirlgreenhome -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 17 MacArthurInfant CDI Oxfordpre ' OxfordAOxfordBOxfordjamjuglorrymugnailnannynoodlesowie\boo boopastapatty cakeplanepolicemanraisinrocking chairTsadshhshipsitting roomteawallwhalewhiteyellowzebra stoneshovelspadeshopstorenastyyuckybunnyrabbitkitty\kittenfiretruck\fire enginemotorkbikemotorcycle againbabysitterbabysitter's namebackyardbeadsbinboatbucketcapchild's own namechipscrackercutedoctordummyfriendgirlgreenhome -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 17 MacArthurInfant CDI Oxfordpre ' OxfordAOxfordBOxfordjamjuglorrymugnailnannynoodlesowie\boo boopastapatty cakeplanepolicemanraisinrocking chairTsadshhshipsitting roomteawallwhalewhiteyellowzebra ======================= http://216.239.37.100/search?q=cache:keFXQC1kUr0J:cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~harnad/Papers/Py104/caselli-et-al-1995.html+speech+learning+%22infant+vocabulary%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 TABLE 5: FIRST 50 WORDS IN COMPREHENSION

FOR ENGLISH VS. ITALIAN INFANTS

ENGLISH ITALIAN

Rank Word % sample Word Translation % sample

.

1. mommy 95.0 mamma mommy 91.3

2. daddy 93.5 papa daddy 88.2

3. * bye 88.6 (child's own name) --- 82.6

4. * no 86.3 * ciao hi/bye 82.6

5. * peekaboo 84.3 * pappa (food/mealtime) 81.1

6. bath 76.2 * cuccu-settete (hiding game) 81.0

7. ball 75.0 acqua water 79.0

8. bottle 75.0 * no no 77.9

9. * hi 74.0 palla ball 75.9

10. * allgone 71.9 bau-bau (dog sound) 75.4

____________________________________________________________________________

11. dog 70.8 nonna grandma 75.4

13. * night-night 68.5 biberon bottle 71.8

14. diaper 67.4 telefono telephone 70.3

15. * KISS 66.2 * bravo good 67.7

16. * uh-oh 65.1 nonno grandpa 66.7

17. * pattycake 62.6 scarpe shoes 66.2

18. juice 61.9 biscotto cookie 65.6

19. shoe 61.9 * BERE to drink 65.1

20. baby 61.6 miao (cat sound) 64.6

21. grandma 61.3 latte milk 64.1

22. outside 61.0 * nanna (sleep/bedtime) 63.6

23. car 60.1 mano hand 63.1

24. * EAT 59.7 * basta (enough/stop) 62.6

25. kitty 58.8 * pane bread 62.6

26. * DRINK 58.1 * (fare) bagno (have/do) bath 62.1

27. keys 56.3 * gatto cat 62.1

28. * DON'T 55.8 bimbo child 60.5

29. comb 55.4 * DARE to give 59.5

30. nose 55.4 * MANGIARE to eat 59.5

31. * HUG 54.9 piede foot 59.0

32. banana 54.4 * BACIARE to kiss 59.0

33. cookie 54.2 * BALLARE to dance 59.0

34. bathtub 53.2 automobile car 57.9

35. balloon 52.9 * non c'è più (is no more) 56.9

36. milk 52.9 panolino diaper 56.9

37. cat 52.7 * si yes 56.9

38. Cracker 52.7 bavaglino bib 56.4

39. telephone 52.6 capelli hair 56.4

40. * yes 52.6 bocca mouth 55.9

41. cheerios 51.4 bicchiere glass 54.9

42. bird 50.4 uccellino bird 54.4

43. * yum-yum 50.4 passegino stroller 53.8

44. grandpa 50.1 * pronto (hello on phone) 53.3

45. woof 49.5 ciuccio pacifier 51.3

46. * DANCE 49.3 letto bed 51.3

47. baa-baa 49.0 naso nose 50.3

48. meow 48.3 televisione television 49.7

49. * LOOK 48.2 * ANDARE to go 49.2

50. mouth 48.2 cucchiaio spoon 49.2

51. * PETTINARE to comb 49.2

52. * SALUTARE to greet 49.2

Starting with the Top Ten Hits in comprehension for each language group, the breakdown for English is as follows: "mommy" (95%), "daddy" (93.5%), "*bye" (88.6%), "*peekaboo" (84.3%), "*no" (86.3%), "bath" (76.2%), "bottle" (75%), "ball" (75%), "*hi" (74%) and "*allgone" (71.9%). Following the criteria proposed by Gopnik and Choi, this corresponds to 60% non-nominals, although none of these items are lexical verbs. The corresponding list for Italian is "mamma" (91.3%), "papa" (88.2%), the child's own name (82.6%), "*ciao" (which means both "hi" and "goodbye" - 82.6%), "*pappa" (a general word for food or mealtime - 81.1%), "*cuccu-settete" (a word used in hide-and-seek - 81%), "acqua" ("water" - 79%), "*no" (77.9%), "palla" ("ball" - 75.9%) and "bau-bau" (a sound effect for dogs - 75.4%). According to the Gopnik and Choi criteria, this corresponds to 40% non-nominals. Again, none of these items are lexical verbs. Hence the data for comprehension in English and Italian are consonant with our findings for production: no lexical verbs, very few common nouns, with a preponderance of routines, sound effects and names for people.

Surveying the top 50 words in comprehension for each language, we find a total of six lexical verbs for English ("*KISS" - 66.2%; "*EAT" - 59.7%; "*DRINK" - 58.1%; "*HUG" - 54.9%; "*DANCE" - 49.3%; "*LOOK" - 48.2%). If we also include the word "*DON'T" (which was classified among routine expressions on the MacArthur list), this brings the total to seven verbs, or 14% of the list. Hence lexical verbs are still a minority in compre-hension, but (in line with results by other investigators) there are more verbs in comprehension than we found in production. Applying the criteria proposed by Gopnik and Choi, we can classify 17 of the first 50 words in comprehension as non-nominals (i.e., 34%, compared with 29.4% in production).

Looking at the corresponding list for Italian, we find a total of eight lexical verbs in Italian (15.4% of the list). These include "*BERE" ("to drink" - 65.1%), "*DARE" ("to give" - 59.5%), "*MANGIARE" ("to eat" - 59.5%), "*BACIARE" ("to kiss" - 59%), "*BALLARE" ("to dance" - 59%), "*ANDARE" ("to go" - 49.2%), "*PETTINARE" ("to comb" - 49.2%) and "*SALUTARE" ("to greet" - 49.2%). Using broad criteria to define the class of non-nominals, the total for Italian is 20 items, or 38.5% of the list (compared with 33% for production).

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http://www.handspeak.com/

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http://aac.unl.edu/VLN3.html

Words Used In Young Adult Conversation

a . . . . . . . . . .
able . . . . . . . . . .
about . . . . . . . . . .
above . . . . . . . . . .
across . . . . . . . . . .
act . . . . . . . . . .
actually . . . . . . . . . .
afraid . . . . . . . . . .
after . . . . . . . . . .
afternoon again against age ago agree ahead air all almost alone along already also although always am an and animal another answer any anything anyway are arm around as at attention away awful awfully baby back bad bag be beautiful because been before behind believe below best better between big bird birthday bit black blood blow blue boat body book both bottom box boy break bridge bring broke broken brother brought brown building bus business busy but buy by call came can canvas car card care carry case catch caught cause certain chair chance change child children Christmas clean close coffee cold color come comfortable company completely concerned control copy corner could country couple cover crazy cry cut dad dark daughter day dead deal dear decide decision degree desk did didn't die different dinner dirty distance do does doesn't don't done door doubt down draw drive dry each early easy eat edge education eight either else end enough especially even evening ever every everybody everything example except experience eye face fact fall family far fast father fear feel feeling feet fell fellow felt few field finally find fine finish fire first five fix floor flower follow food foot for force forget form forward found four free friend from front fruit full funny game gave get getting gift girl give glad glass glasses go God goes going gone good got grab grass great green ground group guess had half hand handle hang happy hard hardly has hat hate have he head hear heard hearing heat hell hello help her here high him himself his hit hold home hope hospital hot hour house how hundred hurt husband I ice idea if imagine in inside instead interest interesting into is isn't it its join judge just keep kept kind knew know known large last late later lay least leave left life light like line listen little living long look looking lost lot lovely low lunch machine mad made make man many mark married may me mean meat meet middle might mind mine minute mom moment Monday money month more morning most mother mouth move much music must my myself name near neck need never new next nice night nine no nobody noise nose not nothing now nurse of off offer office oh old on once one only open opening operate operation opinion or order other ought our out outside over own page pain paint paper part party pass past pay people phone physical pick picture piece pink place plain play please point position power present pretty price probably pull purpose push put question quiet quite radio rain rate rather reach read ready real really reason record red remember respect rest right road run said same sat save saw say scale school see seem seen self send sense shade shape she shock short should show side silly simply since sister sit six size small smoke snow so soft some somebody someone someplace something somewhere son soon sorry sort sound soup speak spend stand start stay step still stop store story straight street such summer sun sure table take talk tall tape teach teaching television tell ten than thank that the their them then there these they thing think thinking this those though thought three through tie till time to today together told tomorrow too took top train trip trouble try Tuesday turn twenty two type under understand unless until up us use usually very wait walk want was wash waste watch way we wear weather Wednesday week well went were west what whatever when where whether which while white who whole why wide wife wild will wind with without woman wood word work working worried worry would write wrong yeah year yellow yes yesterday yet you've you your ================== a about after all also am an and are around as at away baby back be because bed before big book boy but buy by came can child children could dad day did didn't do does don't down eat end find first food for found four from get go going gone good got had has have he her him his home house how hundred I if in into is it just know leave light like little look made make me mom mother my myself new next night no not now of on once one or other our out outside over people put read road said saw school see she so some something that the their them then there they this those three time to told too took turn two up us use very was water we went were what when where white will with would yesterday you your


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